Differential activation of basal and IL-7-induced PI3K/Akt/mTOR and JAK/STAT5 signaling distinguishes pediatric from adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Not available.

The interference of digital radiographic image acquisition and processing protocols in the diagnosis of incipient enamel carious lesions.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the diagnosis of proximal carious lesions through different parameters of execution and visualization of the images. Material and Methods: Proximal carious lesions were artificially induced in human teeth three different times (10, 20, and 30 hours) by in vitro demineralization. The teeth were radiographed with the Dürr digital system using three exposure times (0.10, 0.16, and 0.20s) and three different resolutions in the scanning of the phosphor plates (20-, 25- and 40-line pairs). After acquiring the images, they were submitted to VistaScan Fine, Caries 1, and Caries 2 software filters. Three radiologists analyzed the images in JPEG format. Results: The Pearson's chi-square test showed an association between longer demineralization time and the presence of injury according to the professional's classification. There was no statistically significant association among the other parameters, exposure time, resolution, and use of filters and the presence of a lesion. All parameters showed a greater sensitivity than specificity. The exposure time of 0.2s showed better accuracy, the resolutions 25 and 40lp showed equal results and better than 20lp and the Fine filter obtained better values than the Caries 1 and 2 filters. Conclusions: Despite the variation of parameters, exposure time, resolution, and use of filters, there were no statistically significant differences. For better diagnostic accuracy, it is recommended to use 0.2s of exposure time and a Fine filter, and scan the phosphor plates with 25lp. Key words:Orbital fracture, Etiology, Orbital trauma, Road traffic accidents, Trauma.

Evaluation of Mandibular Bone Microstructure in CT Scans of People with Sickle Cell Disease.

OBJECTIVE: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common inherited disease, and is characterized by a genetic modification that determines the production of a hemoglobin with altered morphology. This anatomical change of hemoglobin leads to vaso-occlusive disorders and premature hemolysis of the cell, causing chronic anemia and bone marrow hyperplasia due to increased hematopoietic demand. As a consequence, several skeletal changes are reported in the skull, spine, ribs, pelvis, femur, and metatarsals. In the craniofacial region, dentofacial deformities are described, especially maxillary protrusion. However, studies evaluating bone microarchitecture are scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mandibular bone microstructure of people with SCD on computed tomography (CT) scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Morphometric parameters were analyzed on CT scans of the mandible of people with SCD and people without this disease or any other disease affecting bone metabolism, matched for sex and age. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The results were compared by Student's t-test for paired samples and for an error probability of 5%. RESULTS: This study demonstrated that the mandibular bone of people with SCD presents significantly less number, connectivity and thickness of bone trabeculae, as well as having a lower fractal dimension and greater porosity. CONCLUSION: Mandibular bone of people with SCD has lower bone density and more widely spaced trabeculae.

Cuidados de enfermagem para paciente pediátrico com dermatite atópica e epidermólise bolhosa: revisão integrativa / Nursing care for pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis and epidermolysis bullosa: integrative review / Atención de enfermería a pacientes pediátricos con dermatitis atópica y epidermólisis ampollosa: revisión integrativa

A Dermatite Atópica e a Epidermólise Bolhosa são doenças crônicas que afetam a estrutura morfológica e bioquímica da pele, provocando lesões e alterações sistêmicas nos indivíduos afetados, podendo ocasionar infecções generalizadas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e sintetizar as contribuições das pesquisas produzidas sobre os cuidados de enfermagem para crianças com dermatite atópica ou epidermólise bolhosa. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, cuja pergunta norteadora foi: "Quais são os cuidados de enfermagem para o paciente pediátrico com dermatite atópica ou epidermólise bolhosa?". Sua busca aconteceu nas bases de dados: Medline; CINAHL; LILACS e CUIDEN. Não houve restrição quanto ao ano de publicação e foram analisados estudos publicados nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Como resultados foram incluídos 23 estudos, dois quais duas categorias foram elencadas: Assistência de Enfermagem às Crianças Portadoras de Dermatite Atópica e a Epidermólise Bolhosa e, Educação em Saúde. Evidenciou-se a necessidade de investimento em pesquisas bem delineadas sobre o tema, pois a raridade da condição, a escassez de referencial e a dificuldade em encontrar pacientes aptos para intervenções são fatores que contribuem neste cenário científico.

The Atopic Dermatitis and Epidermolysis Bullosa are chronic diseases that affect the morphological and biochemical structure of the skin, causing lesions and systemic changes in affected individuals, which can lead to generalized infections. This study aimed to evaluate and synthesize the contributions of research produced on nursing care for children with atopic dermatitis or epidermolysis bullosa. This is an integrative review, whose guiding question was: "What is the nursing care for pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis or epidermolysis bullosa?". Your search took place in the following databases: Medline; CINAHL; LILACS and CUIDEN. There was no restriction on the year of publication and studies published in English, Portuguese and Spanish were analyzed. As results, 23 studies were included, two of which two categories were listed: Nursing Care for Children with Atopic Dermatitis and Epidermolysis Bullosa and Health Education. The need for investment in well-designed research on the topic was highlighted, as the The rarity of the condition, the scarcity of references and the difficulty in finding patients suitable for interventions are factors that contribute to this scientific scenario.

La Dermatitis Atópica y la Epidermólisis Bullosa son enfermedades crónicas que afectan la estructura morfológica y bioquímica de la piel, provocando lesiones y cambios sistémicos en los individuos afectados, que pueden derivar en infecciones generalizadas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar y sintetizar las contribuciones de las investigaciones producidas sobre los cuidados de enfermería al niño con dermatitis atópica o epidermólisis ampollosa. Se trata de una revisión integradora, cuya pregunta orientadora fue: "¿Cuál es el cuidado de enfermería al paciente pediátrico con dermatitis atópica o epidermólisis ampollosa?". Su búsqueda se realizó en las siguientes bases de datos: Medline; CINAHL; LILAS y CUIDEN. No hubo restricción en el año de publicación y se analizaron los estudios publicados en inglés, portugués y español. Como resultados se incluyeron 23 estudios, dos de los cuales se enumeraron dos categorías: Atención de Enfermería al Niño con Dermatitis Atópica y Epidermólisis Bullosa y Educación para la Salud.Se destacó la necesidad de invertir en investigaciones bien diseñadas sobre el tema, ya que la rareza de la condición, la escasez de referencias y la dificultad para encontrar pacientes aptos para las intervenciones son factores que contribuyen a este escenario científico.

NLRP3 inflammasome activation in sensory neurons promotes chronic inflammatory and osteoarthritis pain.

Pain is one of the most debilitating symptoms in rheumatic diseases. Pain often persists after total knee replacement in osteoarthritis, or when inflammation is minimal/absent in rheumatoid arthritis. This suggests that pain transitions to a chronic state independent of the original damage/inflammation. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the nervous system promotes chronic pain and is linked to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Therefore, we investigated the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the transition from acute to persistent inflammation-induced nociplastic pain and in persistent monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis pain. Intraplantar injection of carrageenan in mice induced transient inflammatory pain that resolved within 7 days. A subsequent intraplantar PGE2 injection induced persistent mechanical hypersensitivity, while in naive mice it resolved within one day. Thus, this initial transient inflammation induced maladaptive nociceptor neuroplasticity, so-called hyperalgesic priming. At Day 7, when mice were primed, expression of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway components was increased, and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons displayed signs of activated NLRP3 inflammasome. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome with MCC950 prevented the transition from acute to chronic pain in this hyperalgesic priming model. In mice with persistent monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis pain, DRG neurons displayed signs of mitochondrial oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activity attenuated established osteoarthritis pain. In males, NLPR3 inhibition had longer-lasting effects than in females. Overall, these data suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome activation in sensory neurons, potentially caused by neuronal oxidative stress, promotes development of persistent inflammatory and osteoarthritis pain. Therefore, targeting NLRP3 inflammasome pathway may be a promising approach to treat chronic pain.

Inflammation-induced mitochondrial and metabolic disturbances in sensory neurons control the switch from acute to chronic pain.

Pain often persists in patients with an inflammatory disease, even when inflammation has subsided. The molecular mechanisms leading to this failure in pain resolution and the transition to chronic pain are poorly understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction in sensory neurons links to chronic pain, but its role in resolution of inflammatory pain is unclear. Transient inflammation causes neuronal plasticity, called hyperalgesic priming, which impairs resolution of pain induced by a subsequent inflammatory stimulus. We identify that hyperalgesic priming in mice increases the expression of a mitochondrial protein (ATPSc-KMT) and causes mitochondrial and metabolic disturbances in sensory neurons. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, knockdown of ATPSCKMT expression, or supplementation of the affected metabolite is sufficient to restore resolution of inflammatory pain and prevents chronic pain development. Thus, inflammation-induced mitochondrial-dependent disturbances in sensory neurons predispose to a failure in resolution of inflammatory pain and development of chronic pain.

Assessment of landmark detection in cephalometric radiographs with different conditions of brightness and contrast using the an artificial intelligence software.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of an artificial intelligence (AI) software in identifying cephalometric points on lateral cephalometric radiographs considering four settings of brightness and contrast. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Brightness and contrast of 30 lateral cephalometric radiographs were adjusted into four different settings. Then, the control examiner (ECont), the calibrated examiner (ECal), and the CEFBOT AI software (AIs) each marked 19 cephalometric points on all radiographs. Reliability was assessed with a second analysis of the radiographs 15 days after the first one. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Reliability of landmark identification was excellent for the human examiners and the AIs regardless of the type of brightness and contrast setting (mean intraclass correlation coefficient >0.89). When ECont and ECal were compared for reproducibility, there were more cephalometric points with significant differences on the x-axis of the image with the highest contrast and the lowest brightness, namely N(p = 0.033), S(p = 0.030), Po(p < 0.001), and Pog'(p = 0.012). Between ECont and AIs, there were more cephalometric points with significant differences on the image with the highest contrast and the lowest brightness, namely N(p = 0.034), Or(p = 0.048), Po(p < 0.001), A(p = 0.042), Pog'(p = 0.004), Ll(p = 0.005), Ul(p < 0.001), and Sn(p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: While the reliability of the AIs for cephalometric landmark identification was rated as excellent, low brightness and high contrast seemed to affect its reproducibility. The experienced human examiner, on the other hand, did not show such faulty reproducibility; therefore, the AIs used in this study is an excellent auxiliary tool for cephalometric analysis, but still depends on human supervision to be clinically reliable.

Ways and means to comfort people at the end of life: how is the nurse a privileged player in this process?

Background: Comfort is a necessity throughout life, and it is a key element in the practice of nursing care for the patient at the end of life. A particular human need and a state related to the experience and culture of the person at the end of life constitute the target of attention and nursing intervention, being a very relevant indicator of the quality of health care. This article is part of a doctoral study in the field of comfort in a palliative care unit, and these are some of the partial results that emerged. Objectives: To understand the ways and means of comfort perceived by the person at the end-of-life hospitalized in a palliative care unit, their family, and health staff as well as the value of the nurse in this process. Design: Qualitative study using an ethnographic approach. Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews with 18 patients at the end of life and their matched significant family members (18) and 21 health professionals. We also conducted participant observation of care situations. Results/Discussion: The ways and means of providing comfort are centered on strategies developed by the entire multidisciplinary team. During this whole process, one of the categories that emerged from the ethnography was the nurse as a privileged player, representing an absolutely essential role in all phases. The results revealed that nurses play a very important role in end-of-life comfort, which is based on a predisposition for end-of-life care (active listening, empathy, congruence, and biographical narrative) and focused attention (global care, attention to detail, family support, and opposition to therapeutic obstinacy). Conclusions: The different ways and means of providing comfort aim to increase care, relieve, and invest in potential different forms of comfort and nurses are recognized by all those involved in this process as someone essential to providing comfort care.

Desordens orais potencialmente malignas: o que o cirurgião-dentista precisa saber? / Oral potentially malignant disorders: what do dentists need to know?

Introdução:as desordens orais potencialmente malignas (DOPMs) são condições que podem preceder o aparecimento do câncer em cavidade bucal. Objetivo: descrever os principais aspectos clínicos, histológicos e tratamento da leucoplasia, eritroplasia, queilite actínica e líquen plano oral. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão da literatura atual, em que foram consultados artigos nas bases do MEDLINE/PUBMED e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, publicados nos últimos 10 anos. Os descritores foram localizados usando o vocabulário controlado do MeSH, sendo eles: Leukoplakia; Erythroplakia, Actinic cheilitis, Oral lichen planus, Diagnosis, Therapeutics. Resultados: asapresentações clínicas das DOPMs são diversas. A leucoplasia é a mais comum e deve ser distinguida da leucoplasia verrucosa proliferativa que tem uma apresentação clínica generalizada e uma tendência à recorrência após a excisão; a eritroplasia, embora rara, tem maior chance de malignização. A queilite actínica acomete com frequência o lábio inferior, tem forte relação com exposição solar e pode progredir para o carcinoma escamocelular labial; o líquen plano oral tem uma variedade de apresentações clínicas, sendo a forma reticular a mais comum. O tipo erosivo, atrófico ou bolhoso é acompanhado de sintomatologia dolorosa variável. A biópsia é essencial para confirmar a suspeita clínica das DOPMs e o encaminhamento oportuno para um especialista é indicado. Conclusão: as DOPMs podem ser encontradas durante o exame bucal, possibilitando assim, o diagnóstico precoce, e o correto encaminhamento a um especialista e a intervenção adequada, podendo reduzir a taxa de progressão dessas condições para câncer.

Introduction: Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) are conditions that may precede the onset of cancer in the oral cavity. Objective: To describe the main clinical features, histological aspects and treatment of leukoplakia, erythroplakia, actinic cheilitis and oral lichen planus. Methodology: this is a review of the current literature, in which articles in the databases of MEDLINE/PUBMED and the Virtual Health Library, published in the last 10 years, were consulted. The descriptors were located using the MeSH controlled vocabulary, namely: Leukoplakia; Erythroplakia, Actinic cheilitis, Oral lichen planus, Diagnosis, Therapeutics. Results:the clinical presentations of OPMDs are diverse. Leukoplakia is the most common and must be distinguished from proliferative verrucous leukoplakia which has a generalized clinical presentation and a tendency to reoccur after excision; erythroplakia, although rare, has a greater chance of becoming malignant. Actinic cheilitis frequently affects the lower lip, is strongly related to sun exposure and can progress to labial squamous cell carcinoma; oral lichen planus has a variety of clinical presentations, with the reticular form being the most common. The erosive, atrophic or bullous type is accompanied by different levels of pain. Biopsy is essential to confirm the clinical suspicion of OPMDs and timely referral to a specialist is indicated. Conclusion: OPMDs can be found during oral examination, thus enabling early diagnosis, correct referral to a specialist and appropriate intervention, which may reduce the rate of progression of these conditions to cancer.

rMELEISH: A Novel Recombinant Multiepitope-Based Protein Applied to the Serodiagnosis of Both Canine and Human Visceral Leishmaniasis.

BACKGROUND: visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a critical public health problem in over ninety countries. The control measures adopted in Brazil have been insufficient when it comes to preventing the spread of this overlooked disease. In this context, a precise diagnosis of VL in dogs and humans could help to reduce the number of cases of this disease. Distinct studies for the diagnosis of VL have used single recombinant proteins in serological assays; however, the results have been variable, mainly in relation to the sensitivity of the antigens. In this context, the development of multiepitope-based proteins could be relevant to solving such problem. METHODS: a chimeric protein (rMELEISH) was constructed based on amino acid sequences from kinesin 39 (k39), alpha-tubulin, and heat-shock proteins HSP70 and HSP 83.1, and tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) for the detection of L. infantum infection using canine (n = 140) and human (n = 145) sera samples. RESULTS: in the trials, rMELEISH was able to discriminate between VL cases and cross-reactive diseases and healthy samples, with sensitivity and specificity values of 100%, as compared to the use of a soluble Leishmania antigenic extract (SLA). CONCLUSIONS: the preliminary data suggest that rMELEISH has the potential to be tested in future studies against a larger serological panel and in field conditions for the diagnosis of canine and human VL.

Biomarkers in Hypertension and Hypertension-related Disorders.

Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is a major risk factor for several secondary diseases, especially cardiovascular and renal conditions. SAH has a high prevalence worldwide, and its precise and early recognition is important to prevent the development of secondary outcomes. In this field, the study of biomarkers represents an important approach to diagnosing and predicting the disease and its associated conditions. The use of biomarkers in hypertension and hypertension-related disorders, such as ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, transient ischemic attack, acute myocardial infarction, angina pectoris and chronic kidney disease, are discussed in this review. Establishing a potential pool of biomarkers may contribute to a non-invasive and improved approach for their diagnosis, prognosis, risk assessment, therapy management and pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention to improve patients' quality of life and prevent unfavorable outcomes.

Orientações sobre amamentação para gestantes do pré-natal na atenção primária à saúde / Guidelines on breastfeeding for pregnant women during prenatal care in primary health care / Directrices sobre lactancia materna para embarazadas durante la atención prenatal en atención primaria de salud

Introdução: o aleitamento materno contribui para a prevenção da morbimortalidade infantil e promoção da saúde biopsicossocial da família, favorecendo o vínculo e o afeto. O pré-natal é o momento primordial para o estímulo e incentivo ao aleitamento materno e as orientações sobre o processo de amamentação realizadas pelos enfermeiros, durante o pré-natal na Atenção Primária à Saúde, com as suas práticas assistenciais, poderão garantir a confiança e a segurança da nutriz. Objetivo: analisar as orientações sobre amamentação para a promoção do aleitamento materno exclusivo e identificar sua prática na visão da usuária do pré-natal na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em 18 Unidades de Saúde da Família de um município mineiro, com 140 usuárias com filhos menores de seis meses. Utilizou-se um instrumento já validado, composto por 56 questões. Foram empregados testes estatísticos para verificar as variáveis de estudo. Resultados: encontrou-se associações significativas entre as variáveis renda mensal (p=0,037), ingesta líquida (P<0,0001) ou sólida (P<0,0001) e usou mamadeira (p=0,009) ou chupeta (p=0,003) com a variável de desfecho aleitamento materno exclusivo. Conclusão: é importante a implementação de ações educativas promotoras da amamentação no pré- natal na atenção primária à saúde.

Introduction: Breastfeeding contributes to the prevention of infant morbidity and mortality and to the promotion of the family's biopsychosocial health, favoring the bond and affection. Prenatal care is the primary time to encourage and foster breastfeeding, and the guidance on the breastfeeding process provided by nurses during prenatal care in Primary Health Care, through their care practices, can ensure the confidence and safety of the nursing mother. Objective: to analyze the guidelines on breastfeeding for the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and identify its practice in the view of the user of prenatal care in Primary Health Care. Method: cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, carried out in 18 Family Health Units in a city of Minas Gerais, with 140 users with children under six months of age. A validated instrument was used, consisting of 56 questions. Statistical tests were used to verify the study variables. Results: significant associations were found between the variables monthly income (p=0.037), liquid (P<0.0001) or solid (P<0.0001) intake and bottle (p=0.009) or pacifier (p=0.003) with the outcome variable exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: it is important to implement breastfeeding-promoting educational actions in prenatal care in primary health care.

Introducción: La lactancia materna contribuye a la prevención de la morbimortalidad infantil y a la promoción de la salud biopsicosocial de la familia, favoreciendo el vínculo y el afecto. La atención prenatal es el principal momento para estimular y fomentar la lactancia materna, y la orientación sobre el proceso de lactancia materna proporcionada por las enfermeras durante la atención prenatal en Atención Primaria de Salud, a través de sus prácticas asistenciales, puede garantizar la confianza y seguridad de la madre lactante. Objetivo: analizar las orientaciones sobre lactancia materna para la promoción de la lactancia materna exclusiva e identificar su práctica en la visión de la usuaria de la atención prenatal en Atención Primaria de Salud. Material y método: estudio transversal, con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado en 18 Unidades de Salud de la Familia de una ciudad de Minas Gerais, con 140 usuarias con hijos menores de seis meses. Se utilizó instrumento validado, compuesto por 56 preguntas. Se utilizaron pruebas estadísticas para verificar las variables de estudio. Resultados: se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre las variables renta mensual (p=0,037), ingesta de líquidos (p<0,0001) o sólidos (p<0,0001) y biberón (p=0,009) o chupete (p=0,003) con la variable resultado lactancia materna exclusiva. Conclusión: es importante implementar acciones educativas promotoras de la lactancia materna en la atención prenatal en atención primaria de salud.

Amamentação e depressão pós-parto: revisão integrativa / Breastfeeding and postpartum depression: integrative review / Lactancia materna y depresión posparto: revisión integradora

Objetivo: Sintetizar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre a associação entre a depressão pós-parto e amamentação. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados IBECS; LILACS; e, PubMed. A questão norteadora proposta para suscitar a presente pesquisa foi: "Quais as evidências científicas sobre a Depressão Pós-Parto e Amamentação?". Resultados: Foram encontrados 564 artigos, dos quais 36 foram incluídos para leitura na íntegra, sendo que 21 foram excluídos por não responder a pergunta norteadora e dois pelo tipo de estudo, permanecendo 13 estudos. Após a análise dos estudos, foi elencada uma categoria principal denominada Depressão Pós-Parto e Amamentação, a qual engloba três subcategorias, a saber: Autoeficácia materna; Condições maternas que ajudam na amamentação; e Fatores maternos que dificultam a amamentação. Considerações finais: A presença da Depressão Pós-Parto pode influenciar no processo de amamentação. Assim, são necessárias ações para o rastreamento precoce da Depressão Pós-Parto, cabendo aos profissionais de saúde encontrarem estratégias para prevenir seus riscos, a fim de promover uma melhor qualidade da assistência, auxiliar na diminuição de sua incidência, auxiliar na promoção do apoio social à amamentação e no desenvolvimento saudável da relação mãe-bebê.

Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct an integrative review of the literature on the association between postpartum depression and breastfeeding. Method: The IBECS, LILACS, and PubMed databases were searched using the guiding question, "What is the scientific evidence on Postpartum Depression and Breastfeeding?" A total of 564 articles were identified, and 36 were selected for full reading. Of these, 21 were excluded for not addressing the guiding question and two were excluded due to the study design, resulting in a final set of 13 studies. Results: A main category was identified, Postpartum Depression and Breastfeeding, which encompassed three subcategories: maternal self-efficacy, maternal conditions that facilitate breastfeeding, and maternal factors that hinder breastfeeding. Final considerations: The findings suggest that the presence of postpartum depression can impact the breastfeeding process. Therefore, it is essential for health professionals to screen for postpartum depression early and develop strategies to prevent its risks. These actions will promote better quality of care, reduce the incidence of postpartum depression, and enhance social support for breastfeeding, leading to healthy development of the mother-baby relationship.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión integradora de la literatura sobre la asociación entre depresión postparto y lactancia materna. Método: Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos IBECS, LILACS y PubMed utilizando la pregunta guía: "¿Cuál es la evidencia científica sobre la depresión posparto y la lactancia materna?" Se identificaron 564 artículos y se seleccionaron 36 para su lectura completa. De éstos, 21 fueron excluidos por no abordar la pregunta guía y dos fueron excluidos debido al diseño del estudio, resultando en un conjunto final de 13 estudios. Resultados: Se identificó una categoría principal, Depresión posparto y lactancia materna, que englobaba tres subcategorías: autoeficacia materna, condiciones maternas que facilitan la lactancia materna y factores maternos que dificultan la lactancia materna. Consideraciones finales: Los hallazgos sugieren que la presencia de depresión postparto puede impactar en el proceso de lactancia. Por lo tanto, es esencial que los profesionales de la salud realicen un cribado precoz de la depresión posparto y desarrollen estrategias para prevenir sus riesgos. Estas acciones promoverán una mejor calidad de la atención, reducirán la incidencia de la depresión posparto y aumentarán el apoyo social a la lactancia materna, lo que conducirá a un desarrollo saludable de la relación madre-bebé.

Assistência de enfermagem às mulheres no climatério na atenção primária à saúde: revisão integrativa / Nursing care for women in the climacteric period in primary health care: integrative review / Cuidados de enfermería a la mujer en el climaterio en atención primaria: revisión integradora

Introdução: o climatério, mesmo sendo uma fase natural ao envelhecimento, pode apresentar alterações em diferentes amplitudes. O enfermeiro, na condição de agente transformador, tem papel essencial na assistência prestada as mulheres no climatério. Objetivo: analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre a assistência de enfermagem à saúde das mulheres no climatério na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2012 a junho de 2022. A busca foi realizada de forma pareada nas bases de dados BDENF, LILACS, PubMed Central e CINAHL. Resultados: por meio da análise dos quatro estudos selecionados foi possível perceber um déficit em relação ao conhecimento dos profissionais relativo aos cuidados às mulheres no climatério, negligência com as reais necessidades de saúde das mulheres e a persistência do modelo biomédico, uma vez que o atendimento depende da demanda e se resume na medicalização dos sintomas. Conclusão: as evidências científicas indicam que a assistência de enfermagem às mulheres no climatério na Atenção Primária à Saúde se limita na realização de exames de rastreio de cânceres e encaminhamentos. Além disso, esse estudo apontou déficit de conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem alertando sobre a necessidade de mais estudos nessa temática, atualização na formação dos profissionais e realização de ações de educação permanente por parte dos gestores de saúde.

Introduction: The climacteric period, even being a natural phase of aging, can present alterations in different amplitudes. The nurse, as a transforming agent, has an essential role in the assistance provided to women in the climateric period. Objective: to analyze the evidence available in the literature on nursing care to the health of women in the climateric period in Primary Health Care. Method: this is an integrative review of articles published between January 2012 and June 2022. The search was conducted in a paired manner in the BDENF, LILACS, PubMed Central and CINAHL databases. Results: through the analysis of the four selected studies it was possible to perceive a deficit in relation to the knowledge of professionals regarding the care of women in climacteric conditions, neglect of the real health needs of women and the persistence of the biomedical model, since care depends on demand and is summarized in the medicalization of symptoms. Conclusion: scientific evidence indicates that nursing care for women in the climateric period in Primary Health Care is limited to performing cancer screening tests and referrals. Moreover, this study pointed out a deficit of knowledge of nursing professionals, warning about the need for further studies on this topic, updating the training of professionals and conducting continuing education actions by health managers.

Introducción: El periodo climatérico, aún siendo una fase natural del envejecimiento, puede presentar alteraciones en diferentes amplitudes. La enfermera, como agente transformador, tiene un papel esencial en la asistencia a la mujer en el climaterio. Objetivo: analizar la evidencia disponible en la literatura sobre cuidados de enfermería a la salud de la mujer en el periodo climatérico en Atención Primaria de Salud. Material y método: se trata de una revisión integradora de artículos publicados entre enero de 2012 y junio de 2022. La búsqueda se realizó de forma pareada en las bases de datos BDENF, LILACS, PubMed Central y CINAHL. Resultados: a través del análisis de los cuatro estudios seleccionados fue posible percibir un déficit en relación al conocimiento de los profesionales sobre el cuidado de las mujeres en climaterio, descuido de las reales necesidades de salud de las mujeres y la persistencia del modelo biomédico, ya que el cuidado depende de la demanda y se resume en la medicalización de los síntomas. Conclusión: la evidencia científica indica que los cuidados de enfermería a la mujer en el climaterio en Atención Primaria se limitan a la realización de pruebas de cribado de cáncer y derivaciones. Además, este estudio señala un déficit de conocimientos de los profesionales de enfermería, alertando sobre la necesidad de realizar más estudios sobre este tema, actualizar la formación de los profesionales y realizar acciones de formación continuada por parte de los gestores sanitarios.

Reproducibility of human landmark identification in morphological mandible prototypes: major parameters for a 3D CBCT approach.

The establishment of anthropometric measurements is of fundamental importance for the correct identification of human bodies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of two-dimensional craniometric landmarks obtained from three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography reconstructions for forensic identification of humans. Computed tomography images with voxel sizes of 0.25, 0.3, and 0.4 mm were obtained using i-CAT® three-dimensional equipment. Ten landmarks were randomly selected, and 10 measurements were demarcated in the three-dimensional reconstruction to evaluate the mandibular condyle, ramus, and body. This study demonstrated that protocols with voxels of 0.3 mm should be preferentially indicated for the evaluation of linear and angular measurements. Implementing our methodology using prototypes for clinical and forensic simulations allows comparisons with human databases in identification issues.

Incompletude da variável profissão/ocupação nos bancos de síndrome gripal, síndrome respiratória aguda grave e mortalidade, Brasil, 2020-2021 / Incompleteness of the profession/occupation variable in the flu-like syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome and mortality databases, Brazil, 2020-2021

Resumo Objetivo: descrever a incompletude da informação sobre profissão/ocupação nas bases de dados de síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG), síndrome gripal (SG) e no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) no Brasil. Métodos: estudo descritivo utilizando os bancos de dados de SRAG, SG e SIM. Calcularam-se percentuais de incompletude na variável profissão/ocupação segundo sexo, macrorregiões e unidades da federação, em 2020-2021. Resultados: o percentual de incompletude foi de 94,7% no banco de SG; 97,7% no de SRAG; e 17,0% no SIM. Em todas as macrorregiões a incompletude foi superior a 91,0% nos bancos de SG e SRAG; e superior a 13,0% no SIM. Todas as unidades da federação apresentaram percentuais de incompletude acima de 90,0% para SG; de 74,0% para SRAG; e de 6,8% para óbitos. Amapá apresentou maior percentual de incompletude na base de dados de SG (98,1%); Rio Grande do Sul (99,4%) na de SRAG; e Alagoas (45,0%) no SIM. Conclusões: observaram-se elevados percentuais de incompletude da variável profissão/ocupação nos sistemas de informação estudados. Recomenda-se uma articulação intersetorial, envolvendo representantes dos governos e dos trabalhadores, para formulação de estratégias que contornem a falta de informação sobre ocupação/profissão nas bases de dados relevantes para a vigilância em saúde.

Abstract Objective: to describe the incomplete filling out of the profession/occupation variable in the flu-like syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome and mortality databases in Brazil. Methods: descriptive study with secondary data from flu-like syndrome (FLS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and mortality databases (SIM). We calculeted the absolute and relative filling frequencies of the profession/occupation variable according to State, gender, regions, and federative units, for 2020 and 2021. Results: we found a 94.7% incompleteness on the FLS database, 97.7% of missing profession/occupation data on the SARS, and 17.0% on the SIM database. Incompleteness frequency was above 91.0% in all Brazilian regions for FLS and SARS. Incompleteness on the mortality database was over 13.0%. All federative units presented incompleteness above 90.0% for FLS, 74.0% for SARS, and 6.8% for mortality in all genders. Higher levels of missing data were found in the states of Amapá for FLS (98.1%), Rio Grande do Sul for SARS and Alagoas (45.0%) for mortality (99.4%). Conclusions: all databases showed a high incompleteness of the profession/occupation variable. We recommend an articulation between the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Labor and workers' representations to solve this lack of data on occupation/profession in public databases.

Genetic polymorphisms and their effects on the severity of silicosis in workers exposed to silica in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: Silicosis is a pneumoconiosis characterized by fibrosis of the lung parenchyma caused by inhalation of silica particles. Genetic factors might play a role in the severity silicosis. We sought to evaluate the influence of polymorphisms in the ACE, FAS, FASLG, NOS2, IL1RN, FAM13A, TGFB1, and TNF genes on the severity of silicosis. METHODS: Nine polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR in a sample of 143 patients with silicosis in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients (40%) were classified as having simple silicosis and 86 (60%) were classified as having complicated silicosis. The TT genotype of rs1800469 in the TGFB1 gene showed a protective effect for complicated silicosis (OR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14-0.92; p = 0.028) when compared with the other two genotypes (CC+CT). The polymorphic T allele of rs763110 in the FASLG gene (OR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.31-0.99; p = 0.047), as well as a dominant model for the T allele (TT+CT: OR = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15-0.96; p = 0.037), also showed a protective effect. When patients with simple silicosis despite having been exposed to silica for a longer time (> 44,229 hours) were compared with patients with complicated silicosis despite having been exposed to silica for a shorter time, the T allele of rs763110 in the FASLG gene (OR = 0.20; 95% CI, 0.08-0.48; p < 0.0001), as well as dominant and recessive models (OR = 0.06; 95% CI, 0.00-0.49; p = 0.01 and OR = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.06-0.77; p = 0.014, respectively), showed a protective effect against the severity of silicosis. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that rs1800469 polymorphisms in the TGFB1 gene and rs763110 polymorphisms in the FASLG gene are involved in the severity of silicosis. Given the lack of studies relating genetic polymorphisms to the severity of silicosis, these results should be replicated in other populations.

Integrative and complementary practices to control nausea and vomiting in pregnant women: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: to synthesize the evidence available in the literature on the effects of integrative and complementary practices in nausea and vomiting treatment in pregnant women. METHOD: a systematic review, reported according to PRISMA and registered in PROSPERO. The search for studies was carried out in 11 databases. To assess risk of bias in randomized clinical trials, the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2) was used. RESULTS: the final sample consisted of 31 articles, divided into three categories: aromatherapy, phytotherapy and acupuncture. It was observed that aromatherapy with lemon essential oil, ginger capsules, pericardial 6 point acupressure were the interventions that proved to be effective. Less than half of studies reported adverse effects, with mild and transient symptoms predominating. Most articles were classified as "some concern" in risk of bias assessment. CONCLUSION: the three most effective interventions to control gestational nausea and vomiting were aromatherapy, herbal medicine and acupuncture, with significant results in the assessment of individual studies.

Screening a Targeted Panel of Genes by Next-Generation Sequencing Improves Risk Stratification in Real World Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Although mutation profiling of defined genes is recommended for classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, screening of targeted gene panels using next-generation sequencing (NGS) is not always routinely used as standard of care. The objective of this study was to prospectively assess whether extended molecular monitoring using NGS adds clinical value for risk assessment in real-world AML patients. We analyzed a cohort of 268 newly diagnosed AML patients. We compared the prognostic stratification of our study population according to the European LeukemiaNet recommendations, before and after the incorporation of the extended mutational profile information obtained by NGS. Without access to NGS data, 63 patients (23%) failed to be stratified into risk groups. After NGS data, only 27 patients (10%) failed risk stratification. Another 33 patients were re-classified as adverse-risk patients once the NGS data was incorporated. In total, access to NGS data refined risk assessment for 62 patients (23%). We further compared clinical outcomes with prognostic stratification, and observed unexpected outcomes associated with FLT3 mutations. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the prognostic utility of screening AML patients for multiple gene mutations by NGS and underscores the need for further studies to refine the current risk classification criteria.

Hiperplasia epitelial focal: relato de caso clínico / Focal epithelial hyperplasia: case report

Introdução: a hiperplasia epitelial focal (HEF) ou doença de Heck, caracteriza-se por ser uma lesão benigna rara da mucosa bucal. Geralmente, está associada a proliferação do epitélio pavimentoso atribuída principalmente ao papiloma vírus humano (HPV) dos subtipos 13 e 32. Objetivo: relatar o caso de um paciente, com suspeita diagnóstica de HEF, descrever suas manifestações clínicas bucais e histopatológicas. Metodologia: homem, 38 anos, melanoderma, compareceu no Serviço Universitário com queixa de ardência em mucosa bucal. Ao exame clínico, apresentava múltiplas lesões papulares, firmes à palpação, de coloração rósea, com pápulas aglomeradas ou isoladas, localizadas em rebordo alveolares, gengiva inserida e livre da arcada superior e inferior, mucosas jugais e labiais, compatíveis com lesões causadas por HPV. Realizou-se biópsia incisional das lesões bucais, o laudo histopatológico descreveu o fragmento de mucosa bucal que estava revestida por epitélio pavimentoso estratificado paraceratinizado com acantose proeminente, projeções focais confluentes para o tecido conjuntivo, confirmando a suspeita diagnóstica clínica. Conclusão: a HEF é uma patologia rara, benigna da mucosa, indolor e que pode se resolver espontaneamente. Portanto, é necessário o diagnóstico adequado através da biopsia e laudo histopatológico.

Introduction: focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) or Heck's disease is characterized as a rare benign lesion of the oral mucosa. It is usually associated with proliferation of the squamous epithelium, mainly attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes 13 and 32. Objective: to report the case of a patient with a diagnostic suspicion of HEF, to describe its oral clinical and histopathological manifestations. Methodology: hale, 38 years old, black, attended the University Service with a complaint of burning in the oral mucosa. On clinical examination, she presented multiple papular lesions, firm to palpation, pink in color, with agglomerated or isolated papules, located in the alveolar ridge, inserted gingiva free from the upper and lower arch, jugal and labial mucosa, compatible with lesions caused by HPV. An incisional biopsy of the oral lesions was performed, the histopathological report described the fragment of oral mucosa that was lined with parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with prominent acanthosis, focal projections confluent to the connective tissue, confirming the clinical diagnostic suspicion. Conclusion: FEH is a rare, benign mucosal pathology, painless and can resolve spontaneously. Therefore, proper diagnosis through biopsy and histopathological report is necessary.